The period of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was a crucial epoch for the Muslim world, which was in a state of political fragmentation. Syria was divided among rival Turkish amirs who were squandering their resources in internal wars, while Fatimid Egypt was trying to maintain its hold on Palestine. This political disintegration prevented any viable resistance to the Crusades, especially given the ideological division that split loyalties between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Imamate. The Arab authors were there to witness the conquest of Jerusalem by the Crusaders and the establishment of various Frankish principalities. However, many authors were also there to watch the Zankid reconquest, the triumph of the armies of Saladin, and the consolidation of the Sunni restoration.
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EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS
IGNATIUS THEOPHORUS
CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA
ORIGEN
PLOTINUS
ATHANASIUS THE GREAT
GREGORY THE THEOLOGIAN
BASIL THE GREAT
GREGORY OF NYSSA
MACARIUS THE GREAT
ECUMENICAL SYNODS : THESYMBOL OF FAITH
CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA
PROCLUS
ROMANOS MELODOS
DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE
MAXIMUS CONFESSOR
PETER DAMASCENE
SYMEON THE NEW THEOLOGIAN
GREGORY PALAMAS
NICHOLAS CABASILAS
MANUEL II PALAEOLOGUS
GENNADIUS SCHOLARIUS
DIONYSIOS SOLOMOS
CAVAFY
PAPATSONIS
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